As the greenhouse effect becomes gradually significant, CO₂ capture and storage (CCS) has turned into a potential emission reduction measure, and the adsorption method of CO₂ capture is one of the most promising technologies. Porous solid adsorbents have attracted widespread attention due to their excellent CO₂ adsorption performance. This review focused on the research of CO₂ removal by adsorption. Five different adsorption materials were introduced, and the main factors affecting CO₂ adsorption were summarized, as well as the adsorption performance of modified materials. The results show that the changes of temperature, pressure, and pore structure can affect the physical adsorption properties of the materials; reduction, oxidation, and metal ion loading modification can improve the CO₂ adsorption performance by Changing the type or number of functional groups on the surface of the material.